UMaya Lin unikele umsebenzi wakhe weminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ekudaleni ubugcisa obenza ababukeli basabele okanye, njengoko esitsho, benze abantu “bayeke ukucinga baze bazive nje”.
Ukususela kwiiprojekthi zakhe zokuqala zobugcisa obutsha kwigumbi lakhe lokulala laseOhio esengumntwana, ukuya kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezinkulu, izikhumbuzo kunye nezinto ezikhumbulekayo eziye zabonwa kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, kuquka umfanekiso kaYale kawonkewonke othi “Itafile Yokutyela Yabasetyhini, eLahn.” Ithala leencwadi laseSton Hughes eTennessee, ukufakwa kweHaunted Forest eNew York, inqaba yentsimbi engama-60-foot eGuangdong, eTshayina, ubuhle bukaLin bugxile ekudaleni unxibelelwano olunemvakalelo phakathi komsebenzi wakhe kunye nombukeli.
Kudliwanondlebe lwevidiyo, ethi “Maya Lin, In Her Own Words,” oluveliswe yiNational Portrait Gallery yeSmithsonian Institution, uLin uthe kukho iindlela ezimbini zokunxulumana nomsebenzi wokudala: enye ingokwengqondo kwaye enye ingokwengqondo, nto leyo ayithandayo yiPath of Discovery.
“Kufana nokuthi, yeka ukucinga uze uzive nje. Kufana nokuba uyayifunxa ngesikhumba sakho. Uyifunxa ngakumbi kwinqanaba lengqondo, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba lovelwano,” utshilo uLim malunga nendlela acinga ngayo ngophuhliso lobugcisa bakhe. Yitsho kwakhona. “Ngoko ke into endiyenzayo kukuzama ukuba nencoko esondeleyo kakhulu nabaphulaphuli.”
ULin uphumelele kakhulu ekudaleni iincoko ukusukela oko waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1981, efunda uyilo lwezakhiwo kwiYunivesithi yaseYale eWashington, DC.
Umbono kaLin omangalisayo ngesikhumbuzo ekuqaleni wagxekwa kakhulu ngamaqela amajoni anamava kunye nabanye, kuquka amalungu eCongress awayethanda isitayela sendabuko. Kodwa umfundi wezakhiwo akazange agungqe kwiinjongo zakhe zoyilo.
URobert Doubek, umlawuli wenkqubo kwiSikhumbuzo samaVeterans aseVietnam, uthe uyayixabisa indlela uLin azithemba ngayo kwaye ukhumbula indlela lo mfundi uselula “omangalisayo” azimela ngayo kwiingxoxo zombutho waza wakhusela ukuthembeka koyilo lwakhe. Namhlanje, esi sikhumbuzo sinomfanekiso-V sibhiyozelwa ngokubanzi, sinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 abatyelela minyaka le, uninzi lwabo lubona njengohambo olungcwele kwaye lushiya oonobumba abancinci, iimbasa, kunye neefoto njengesikhumbuzo seentsapho nabahlobo babo abalahlekileyo.
Ukususela ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe esidlangalaleni, lo mculi ophambili uye waqhubeka emangalisa abalandeli, abanye abaculi, kwaneenkokheli zehlabathi ngemimangaliso yakhe.
Ngowama-2016, uMongameli uBarack Obama wanika uLyn iMbasa kaMongameli yeNkululeko ngomsebenzi wakhe obalaseleyo wobugcisa kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo kwicandelo lamalungelo oluntu, amalungelo oluntu, kunye nokusingqongileyo.
ULining, okhetha ukugcina uninzi lobomi bakhe bangaphakathi buyimfihlo kwaye ephepha abezindaba, kuquka neSmithsonian Magazine, ngoku ngumxholo womboniso wobomi bakhe ozinikele kumyili nomzobi. I-“One Life: Maya Lin” kwiNational Portrait Gallery yeSmithsonian Institution ikuthatha ngomsebenzi kaLin oguqukayo, eneefoto ezininzi zosapho kunye nezinto ezikhumbulekayo ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe, kunye nengqokelela yeemodeli ze-3D, iincwadi zokudweba, imizobo, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, kunye neefoto ezibonisa ubomi bakhe. Indlela yomculi isemva koyilo oluthile oluphawulekayo.
UDorothy Moss, umququzeleli wemiboniso, uthe wadibana noLin okokuqala xa imyuziyam yaqala ukugunyazisa imifanekiso yomculi ukuhlonipha igalelo lakhe kwimbali, inkcubeko, ubugcisa kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo zaseMelika. Imifanekiso emincinci ye-3D eyenziwe ngumzobi uKarin Sander ngo-2014 — imifanekiso enemibala kaLin, owenza imifanekiso ye-2D neye-3D engeyoyemveli, ethatha izigidi zeefoto zommandla womculi — nayo iyaboniswa.
Imvakalelo yokuba uLin usecaleni ibonakala kumfanekiso kaSander. ULin uthi le mbono yobomi kwizinto ezichaseneyo ichazwa kwiincwadi zakhe ezininzi.
“Mhlawumbi kungenxa yelifa lam laseMpuma-Ntshona, ukwenza izinto ezikumda; ingaba le yisayensi? Ngaba bubugcisa? Ngaba kuseMpuma? Ngaba kuseNtshona? Ngaba kuqinile okanye kumanzi?” utshilo uLin Zai kudliwanondlebe nemyuziyam.
UMoss uthe waba nomdla kwibali likaLin emva kokufunda ngelifa losapho lwalo mculi kunye nendlela akhulele ngayo kusapho olulodwa lwaseTshayina kulo mmandla. “Uyazi, ndaqala ukucinga ukuba njengentombi yabaphambukeli ababini baseTshayina abakhulele emaphandleni e-Ohio, bekuya kuba kuhle ukubalisa ibali lakhe ndize ndilandele lo msebenzi umangalisayo. Yile ndlela endadibana ngayo naye,” utshilo uMoh.
“Silusapho olusondeleleneyo kakhulu kwaye nabo balusapho oluqhelekileyo lwabaphambukeli kwaye bashiya izinto ezininzi ngasemva. ETshayina? “Abazange bayithethe loo nto,” utshilo uLin, kodwa wayeziva “ehlukile” kubazali bakhe.
Inxalenye yothotho luka-2006 oluthetha ngobomi babantu abadumileyo kuquka uDolores Huerta, uBabe Ruth, uMarian Anderson, kunye noSylvia Plath, umboniso i-One Life ngumboniso wokuqala wemyuziyam ozinikele kubantu baseAsia baseMelika.
“Indlela esiwucwangcise ngayo umboniso woBomi bonke ihambelana nokulandelelana kwexesha, ngoko ke ungajonga ubuntwana, iimpembelelo zakuqala, kunye negalelo ekuhambeni kwexesha,” utshilo uMoss.
ULin wazalwa ngo-1959 nguHenry Huang Lin noJulia Chang Lin. Uyise wafudukela eMelika ngeminyaka yoo-1940 waza waba ngumbumbi onamava emva kokufunda ngobumba kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington apho wadibana khona nomfazi wakhe uJulia. Ngonyaka wokuzalwa kukaLin, bafudukela eAthens. UHenry wafundisa ngobumba kwiYunivesithi yaseOhio waza ekugqibeleni waba yidean yeSikolo soBugcisa obuhle. Lo mboniso ubonisa umsebenzi ongenasihloko sikayise.
ULin uxelele imyuziyam ukuba ubugcisa bukayise bube nefuthe elikhulu kuye. “Zonke izitya esizityayo zenziwe nguye: izinto zodongwe ezinxulumene nendalo, imibala yendalo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ke ngoko, ndicinga ukuba ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla buzaliswe yile nto icocekileyo, yanamhlanje, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ifudumele kakhulu, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kum. Impembelelo enkulu.”
Iimpembelelo zokuqala ezivela kubugcisa bemihla ngemihla obuncinci zihlala zilukwa kwiingoma kunye nezinto zikaLin. Ukususela kwimodeli yakhe ephefumlelwe lilanga yeSikhumbuzo samaLungelo oLuntu sase-Alabama sika-1987 ukuya kwimizobo yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha nezoluntu, ezinje ngokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo seThala leeNcwadi saseSmith College sika-1903 eNorthampton, eMassachusetts, iindwendwe eziya kumboniso zinokubona indlela uLin abonisa ngayo ubuchule basekuhlaleni.
ULin ukhumbula izixhobo zokunika amandla awazifumana kwimpembelelo yabazali bakhe, kuyise, amandla okholo, nakunina, owamkhuthaza ukuba alandele izinto azithandayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, esi sisipho esinqabileyo kubasetyhini abaselula.
“Ngokukodwa, umama wandinika la mandla okwenyani kuba umsebenzi wawubaluleke kakhulu kuye. Wayengumbhali. Wayekuthanda ukufundisa kwaye ndandivakalelwa kukuba oko kundinike loo mandla ukususela ngomhla wokuqala,” ucacise watsho uLin.
UJulia Chan Lin, njengomyeni wakhe, ungumzobi nomfundisi. Ngoko ke xa uLin wafumana ithuba lokuhlaziya ithala leencwadi likanina, wavakalelwa kukuba uyilo lwezakhiwo lukufutshane nekhaya lakhe.
“Akufane kwenzeke ukuba uyithathe uye nayo ekhaya,” utshilo uLin emva kokuba iThala leeNcwadi laseSmith Nelson livulwe kwakhona ngo-2021.
Iifoto ezikulo mboniso zibonisa isakhiwo sethala leencwadi esinemigangatho emininzi, esenziwe ngomxube wamatye asekuhlaleni, iglasi, isinyithi kunye nomthi, okongeza ilifa lobugcisa bokwakha lekhampasi.
Ukongeza ekufumaneni ugqozi kwilifa lobugcisa losapho lwakhe elibuyela kuninakazi wakhe, imbongi edumileyo kwihlabathi liphela uLin Huiyin, uMaya Lin ukwamncoma ngokuchitha ixesha edlala ngaphandle ngelixa ehlola ummandla osemazantsi-mpuma e-Ohio.
Uvuyo awalufumanayo kwiinduli, imilambo, amahlathi, neenduli emva kwekhaya lakhe e-Ohio lwazalisa bonke ubuntwana bakhe.
“Ngokuphathelele ubugcisa, ndingangena engqondweni yam ndenze nantoni na endiyifunayo ndize ndikhululeke ngokupheleleyo. Ibuyela kwiingcambu zam eAthens, eOhio, iingcambu zam kwindalo kunye nendlela endiziva ndidibene ngayo nendawo endingqongileyo. Ukuphefumlelwa lihlabathi lendalo nokubonakalisa ubuhle kwabanye abantu,” utshilo uLin kudliwanondlebe lwevidiyo.
Uninzi lweemodeli zakhe kunye noyilo zibonisa izinto ezidibeneyo zendalo, izilwanyana zasendle, imozulu kunye nobugcisa, ezinye zazo ziboniswa kulo mboniso.
Umfanekiso kaLin wenyamakazi encinci yesilivere eyenziwe ngobuchule ngo-1976 uhambelana nomfanekiso kaLyn kaGroundswell ka-1993, owenziwe e-Ohio, apho wakhetha khona iitoni ezingama-45 zeglasi yokhuseleko ephukileyo ephinde yasetyenziswa ngenxa yombala wayo. Uqhekeko kwintsimi eNew Zealand kunye nemifanekiso yengcaciso kaLinh yoMlambo iHudson esebenzisa intsimbi. Ngamnye ngumzekelo obalaseleyo womsebenzi okhathalele indalo uLin asebenze nzima ukuwudala.
ULin uthe wakhula enomdla wokukhusela okusingqongileyo esemncinci, yiyo loo nto wazibophelela ekwakheni isikhumbuzo sikaMama weNdalo.
Ngoku eso sithembiso siyachuma kwinto uMoss ayibiza ngokuba sisikhumbuzo samva nje sendalo sikaRingling: uthotho olusekelwe kwisayensi olubizwa ngokuba yi-“What’s Missing?”
Le projekthi yemultimedia yotshintsho lwemozulu enamaphepha amaninzi yinxalenye yokusebenzisana yomboniso apho iindwendwe zinokurekhoda iinkumbulo zeendawo ezikhethekileyo ezilahlekileyo ngenxa yomonakalo ongqongileyo kwaye zibeke kumakhadi e-vinyl.
“Wayenomdla kakhulu ekuqokeleleni idatha, kodwa waze wasinika ulwazi ngento esinokuyenza ukutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo nokuthintela ukonakaliswa kwendalo,” uqhube watsho uMoss. “NjengeSikhumbuzo samaVeterans aseVietnam kunye neSikhumbuzo samaLungelo oLuntu, wazenzela unxibelelwano lomntu ngovelwano, waza wasenzela eli khadi lesikhumbuzo ukuze silikhumbule.”
Ngokutsho kukaFrida Lee Mok, umlawuli wefilimu edumileyo ka-1994 ethi Maya Lin: Powerful Clear Vision, uyilo lukaLin luhle kwaye luyamangalisa, kwaye umsebenzi ngamnye kaLin ubonisa uvakalelo olukhulu kwimeko kunye nendawo engqongileyo yendalo.
“Uyamangalisa kwaye xa ucinga ngento ayenzayo, ukwenza ngokuthula nangendlela yakhe,” utshilo uMock. “Akafuni ukuhoywa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, abantu beza kuye kuba besazi ukuba uza kulisebenzisa eli thuba kunye netalente, italente anayo, kwaye kwinto endiyibonileyo, sonke siyibonile. , kuya kuba mnandi kakhulu. .
Phakathi kwabo babeze kumbona kwakukho owayesakuba nguMongameli uBarack Obama, owayalela uLean ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuba akrole indawo yobugcisa, ethi Seeing Through the Universe, kwiigadi zeChicago Presidential Library and Museum yakhe. Lo msebenzi unikezelwe kunina, u-Ann Dunham. Ukufakwa kukaLean, umthombo osembindini weGadi yoXolo, “kuza kubamba [umama] njengayo nayiphi na enye into,” utshilo u-Obama, omnye umntu, onovelwano, nowendalo owenziwe ngumculi odumileyo.
Ubomi Bonke: Ihlathi laseMaya liza kuvulwa kuluntu kwiNational Portrait Gallery nge-16 ka-Epreli 2023.
UBriana A. Thomas yingcali yembali eseWashington, DC, intatheli, kunye nomkhokeli wezokhenketho ogxile kwizifundo zabantu abamnyama baseMelika. Ungumbhali weBlack Broadway, incwadi yembali yabantu abamnyama eWashington, DC
© 2022 Smithsonian Magazine Ingxelo Yabucala Umgaqo-nkqubo Wekhukhi Imigaqo Yokusebenzisa Isaziso Sentengiso Lawula Idatha Yam Useto Lwekhukhi
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-28-2022
