Maya Lin akazvipira basa rake remakore anopfuura makumi mana kugadzira hunyanzvi hunoita kuti muoni aite chimwe chinhu kana, sezvaanotaura, kuti vanhu "varege kufunga vongonzwa".
Kubva pamapurojekiti ake ekutanga eunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva muimba yake yekurara yeOhio achiri mudiki, kusvika kumapurojekiti akawanda makuru, zvivakwa, uye zvinhu zvinoyeukwa zvakaitwa mumakumi emakore, kusanganisira chifananidzo cheYale cheveruzhinji chinonzi "Tafura Yekudyira Yevakadzi, Lahn." Raibhurari yeSton Hughes muTennessee, kuiswa kweHaunted Forest muNew York, shongwe yemabhero ine mamita makumi matanhatu muGuangdong, China, runako rwaLin runotarisa pakugadzira hukama hwemanzwiro pakati pebasa rake nemuoni.
Muhurukuro yevhidhiyo, "Maya Lin, In Her Own Words," yakagadzirwa neNational Portrait Gallery yeSmithsonian Institution, Lin akati kune nzira mbiri dzekubatanidza basa rekugadzira: imwe ndeyepfungwa uye imwe ndeyepfungwa, yaanofarira Path of Discovery.
"Zvakaita sekuti, rega kufunga wongonzwa. Zvinoita sekuti uri kuinzwisisa kuburikidza neganda rako. Unoinzwisisa zvakanyanya padanho repfungwa, kureva kuti, padanho rekunzwisisa," anodaro Lim nezvekufungidzira kwaanoita kukura kweunyanzvi hwake. Ndiudzewo. "Saka chandiri kuita kuedza kuva nehurukuro yepedyo nevateereri."
Lin ave nyanzvi pakugadzira hurukuro kubvira paakatanga basa rake muna 1981, achidzidza zvekuvaka paYale University. alley muWashington, DC.
Chiono chinoshamisa chaLin chekurangarira chivako ichi chakatanga chatsoropodzwa zvikuru nemapoka evarwi vekare nevamwe, kusanganisira nhengo dzeCongress dzaive dzichida kuita zvechinyakare. Asi mudzidzi wekuvaka akaramba asingazununguki muzvinangwa zvake zvekugadzira.
Robert Doubek, mutungamiriri wechirongwa paVietnam Veterans Memorial, akati anoyemura kuzvivimba kwaLin uye anoyeuka kuti mudzidzi wechidiki "anoshamisa" uyu akazvidzivirira sei muhurukuro dzekuronga uye akadzivirira kuvimbika kwedhizaini yake. Nhasi, chiyeuchidzo chakaita seV chinopembererwa zvakanyanya, chine vashanyi vanopfuura mamiriyoni mashanu pagore, vazhinji vavo vanochiona serwendo rwekutemberera uye vanosiya mabhii madiki, menduru, nemifananidzo vachiyeuka mhuri neshamwari dzavo dzakarasika.
Kubva paakatanga basa rake reparuzhinji, muimbi uyu airamba achishamisa vateveri vake, vamwe vaimbi, uye kunyange vatungamiriri venyika nezvishamiso zvake.
Muna 2016, Mutungamiri Barack Obama akapa Lyn menduru yePresidential Medal of Freedom nekuda kwebasa rake rakanaka reunyanzvi nekuvaka muminda yekodzero dzevanhu, kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Lining, uyo anoda kuvanza zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwake hwemukati uye anodzivisa vezvenhau, kusanganisira Smithsonian Magazine, iye zvino ave musoro wezviratidziro zvehupenyu hwake zvakatsaurirwa kumugadziri nemuvezi. "One Life: Maya Lin" paNational Portrait Gallery yeSmithsonian Institution inokuratidzai nezvebasa raLin riri kuchinja, riine mifananidzo yemhuri yakawanda nezvinhu zvinoyeukwa kubva paudiki hwake, pamwe chete nemuunganidzwa wemamodeli e3D, mabhuku ekudhirowa, mifananidzo, zvifananidzo, uye mapikicha anoratidza hupenyu hwake. Maitiro emuvezi ndiye ari shure kwemamwe magadzirirwo akakosha.
Dorothy Moss, murongi wezviratidziro, akati akatanga kusangana naLin apo miziyamu yakatanga kupa mifananidzo yemuimbi uyu kuremekedza mipiro yake munhoroondo yeAmerica, tsika, hunyanzvi uye magadzirirwo ezvivakwa. Zvifananidzo zvidiki zve3D zvakagadzirwa nemuimbi Karin Sander muna 2014 — mifananidzo yemavara yaLin, uyo akadhinda 2D ne3D zvisiri zvechinyakare, achitora mifananidzo yemamiriyoni enzvimbo yemuimbi — zviri kuratidzwawo.
Kunzwa kwekuti Lin ari pamucheto kunoratidzwa mumufananidzo waSander. Lin anoti maonero aya ehupenyu hwakasiyana anotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvake zvakawanda.
"Zvichida imhaka yenhaka yangu yekuMabvazuva-kumadokero, kugadzira zvinhu zviri pamuganhu; iyi isayenzi here? Unyanzvi here? KuMabvazuva here? KuMadokero here? Kwakaoma here kana kuti kwakasviba?" Lin Zai akadaro muhurukuro nemuseum.
Moss akati akatanga kufarira nyaya yaLin mushure mekudzidza nezvenhaka yemhuri yemuimbi uyu uye kuti akakurira sei mumhuri yega yega yeChina munharaunda iyi. "Unoziva, ndakatanga kufunga kuti semwanasikana wevatorwa vaviri vekuChina vakakurira kumaruwa eOhio, zvaizova zvakanaka kutaura nyaya yake ndozotevera basa iri rakanaka. Ndizvo zvandakasangana naye," akadaro Moh.
"Tiri mhuri yakabatana zvikuru uye ivowo mhuri inowanzogara kune dzimwe nyika uye vanosiya zvinhu zvakawanda. China? "Havana kumbotaura nezvazvo," akadaro Lin, asi akanzwa kunzwa "kwakasiyana" muvabereki vake.
Chikamu chechinyorwa chegore ra2006 chinotaura nezvehupenyu hwevanhu vakakurumbira vanosanganisira Dolores Huerta, Babe Ruth, Marian Anderson, naSylvia Plath, kuratidzwa kweOne Life ndiko kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwemuseum kwakatsaurirwa kuAsia America.
"Maitiro atakaita kuratidzwa kweHupenyu hwese anoenderana nenguva, saka unogona kutarisa hudiki, pesvedzero dzepakutanga, uye mipiro nekufamba kwenguva," akadaro Moss.
Lin akaberekwa muna 1959 kuna Henry Huang Lin naJulia Chang Lin. Baba vake vakatamira kuUnited States kuma1940 ndokuva muumbi ane hunyanzvi mushure mekudzidza zvehari paYunivhesiti yeWashington kwaakasangana nemukadzi wake Julia. Mugore raakazvarwa Lin, vakatamira kuAthens. Henry akadzidzisa zvehari paOhio University uye akazova mukuru weChikoro cheUnyanzvi Hwakanaka. Chiratidziro ichi chine basa risina zita rababa vake.
Lin akaudza musiyamu kuti hunyanzvi hwababa vake hwakamupesvedzera zvikuru. "Ndiro yega yega yatinodya inogadzirwa navo: zviumbwa zvesimbi zvine chekuita nezvisikwa, mavara echisikigo nezvinhu. Saka, ndinofunga kuti hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva hwakazara nerunako urwu rwakachena, rwemazuva ano, asi panguva imwe chete runodziya, izvo zvakakosha kwandiri. Kubudirira kukuru."
Zvinhu zvakatanga kubva muunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hunowanzo shandiswa mukunyora zvinhu zvaLin. Kubva pamufananidzo wake weAlabama Civil Rights Memorial wakafuridzirwa nezuva muna 1987 kusvika kumifananidzo yemapurojekiti makuru ekuvaka neveruzhinji, akadai sekuvandudzwa kwechivakwa cheSmith College Library chekare muna 1903 muNorthampton, Massachusetts, vashanyi vanouya kuratidzwa vanogona kuona maitiro aLin ehunyanzvi hwemunharaunda.
Lin anoyeuka maturusi ekusimbisa aakagamuchira kubva kupesvedzero yevabereki vake, kubva kuna baba vake, simba guru rekutenda, uye kubva kuna amai vake, avo vakamukurudzira kuti atevere zvido zvake. Sekureva kwake, ichi chipo chisingawanzo kuwanikwa kuvasikana vechidiki.
"Zvikurukuru, amai vangu vakandipa simba iri nekuti basa raive rakakosha kwavari. Vaive munyori. Vaida kudzidzisa uye ndainzwa sekunge ndizvo zvakandipa simba iroro kubva pazuva rekutanga," Lin akatsanangura.
Julia Chan Lin, kufanana nemurume wake, muimbi uye mudzidzisi. Saka Lin paakawana mukana wekuvandudza raibhurari yaamai vake yezvidzidzo zvevana, akanzwa kuti dhizaini yezvivakwa yaive pedyo nekumba.
"Hauwanzo kwanisa kuzvitakura kuenda nazvo kumba," akadaro Lin mushure mekunge Smith Nelson Library yavhurwazve muna 2021.
Mifananidzo iri muchiratidziro ichi inoratidza chivakwa cheraibhurari chine nhanho dzakasiyana-siyana, chakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa wematombo emuno, girazi, simbi nematanda, zvichiwedzera nhaka yekuvaka yekampasi.
Pamusoro pekukurudzirwa kubva munhaka yemhuri yake yekusika kubva kuna tete vake, mudetembi ane mukurumbira pasi rose Lin Huiyin, Maya Lin anomurumbidzawo nekupedza nguva achitamba panze achiongorora nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweOhio.
Mufaro waakawana mumakomo, nzizi, masango, uye zvikomo zviri kuseri kwemusha wake muOhio wakazadza hudiki hwake hwese.
"Panyaya yeunyanzvi, ndinogona kupinda mupfungwa dzangu ndoita chero chandinoda ndosunungurwa zvizere. Zvinodzokera kumidzi yangu muAthens, Ohio, midzi yangu muzvisikwa uye kuti ndinonzwa sei ndakabatana nezvakatipoteredza. kuti ndifuridzirwe nenyika yechisikigo uye kuratidza runako irworwo kune vamwe vanhu," Lin akadaro mubvunzurudzo yevhidhiyo.
Mazhinji emamodeli ake nemagadzirirwo anoratidza zvinhu zvakabatana zvechisikigo, mhuka dzesango, mamiriro ekunze uye hunyanzvi, zvimwe zvacho zviri kuratidzwa muchiratidziro.
Mufananidzo waLin wemhembwe diki yesirivha wakagadzirwa zvakanaka muna 1976 unoenderana nemufananidzo waLyn weGroundswell wa1993, wakagadzirwa muOhio, maakasarudza matani makumi mana nemashanu emagirazi ekuchengetedza akapwanyika akadzokororwa nekuda kweruvara rwawo. Kukwenya mumunda muNew Zealand nemifananidzo yetsananguro yaLinh yeRwizi rweHudson achishandisa simbi. Chimwe nechimwe muenzaniso wakanaka webasa raLin rakashanda nesimba kugadzira nekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza.
Lin akati akatanga kufarira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza achiri mudiki, ndosaka akazvipira kuvaka chiyeuchidzo cheAmai Zvisikwa.
Zvino vimbiso iyoyo iri kubudirira mune izvo Moss anodana kuti chiyeuchidzo chezvakatipoteredza cheRingling: nhevedzano yesainzi inonzi "Chii Chiri Kushaikwa?"
Iyi purojekiti yekukurukurirana ine mapeji akawanda yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze chikamu chekudyidzana chekuratidzira uko vashanyi vanogona kunyora ndangariro dzenzvimbo dzakakosha dzakarasika nekuda kwekukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza vodziisa pamakadhi evinyl.
"Aifarira zvikuru kuunganidza data, asi akazopawo ruzivo rwezvatingaita kuti tichinje mararamiro edu uye timise kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza," Moss akaenderera mberi. "Kufanana neVietnam Veterans Memorial neCivil Rights Memorial, akaita hukama hwake kuburikidza netsitsi, uye akagadzira kadhi iri rekukuyeuchidza kuti tirangarire."
Sekureva kwaFrida Lee Mok, mutungamiriri wefirimu rakahwina mubairo ra1994 rinonzi Maya Lin: Powerful Clear Vision, magadzirirwo aLin akanaka uye anoyevedza, uye basa rega rega raLin rinoratidza kunzwisisa kwakanyanya mamiriro ezvinhu nenzvimbo dzechisikigo.
"Anoshamisa uye kana uchifunga nezvezvaari kuita, anozviita chinyararire uye nenzira yake," akadaro Mock. "Haasi kutsvaga kutariswa, asi panguva imwe chete, vanhu vanouya kwaari nekuti vanoziva kuti achashandisa mukana wacho netarenda rake, tarenda raanaro, uye kubva pane zvandakaona, tese takaona. , zvichave zvinoshamisa. .
Pakati peavo vakauya kuzomuona paiva neaimbove Mutungamiriri wenyika Barack Obama, uyo akarayira Lean pakutanga kwegore rino kuti agadzire nzvimbo yekuveza mifananidzo, Seeing Through the Universe, yeminda yeChicago Presidential Library neMuseum yake. Basa iri rakatsaurirwa kuna amai vake, Ann Dunham. Kuiswa kwaLean, tsime riri pakati peBindu reRunyararo, "kuchabata [amai vangu] sezvimwe zvinhu," akadaro Obama, chimwe chisikwa chemunhu, chine hanya, uye chechisikigo chakaitwa nemuimbi ane mukurumbira.
Hupenyu Hwese: Sango reMaya richavhurwa kune veruzhinji paNational Portrait Gallery musi wa16 Kubvumbi, 2023.
Briana A. Thomas inyanzvi yezvenhoroondo, mutori wenhau, uye mutungamiriri wevashanyi anogara kuWashington, DC, anonyanya kudzidza nezvezvidzidzo zvevanhu vatema vekuAmerica. Ndiye munyori weBlack Broadway, bhuku renhoroondo yevanhu vatema muWashington, DC
© 2022 Smithsonian Magazine Chirevo Chekuchengetedzwa Kwemashoko Mutemo weMakuki Mitemo Yekushandisa Chiziviso Chekushambadzira Chengeta Data Rangu Magadzirirwo eMakuki
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-28-2022
