Maya Lin ta sadaukar da aikinta na shekaru 40+ ga ƙirƙirar fasaha da ke sa mai kallo ya mayar da martani ko kuma, kamar yadda ta faɗa, sa mutane "su daina tunani su ji kawai".
Tun daga farkon ayyukanta na zane-zane masu ban mamaki a ɗakin kwananta na Ohio tun tana ƙarama, zuwa manyan ayyuka, abubuwan tarihi da abubuwan tunawa da aka yi a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, gami da sassaka na jama'a na Yale "Teburin Cin Abinci na Mata, Lahn." Laburaren Ston Hughes da ke Tennessee, ginin Dajin Haunted da ke New York, hasumiyar kararrawa mai tsawon ƙafa 60 a Guangdong, China, kyawun Lin ya mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar hulɗar motsin rai tsakanin aikinta da mai kallo.
A cikin wata hira ta bidiyo, "Maya Lin, Cikin Kalmominta," wanda National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution ta shirya, Lin ta ce akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da za a iya dangantawa da aikin kirkire-kirkire: ɗaya ta fuskar tunani ce ɗayan kuma ta fuskar tunani ce, wanda ta fi son Hanyar Ganowa.
"Kamar dai, ka daina tunani ka ji kawai. Kamar dai kana shan sa ne ta fatar jikinka. Kana shan sa ne ta fuskar tunani, wato, a matakin tausayawa," in ji Lim game da yadda take tunanin ci gaban fasaharta. Ka ce da shi. "Don haka abin da nake yi shi ne ƙoƙarin yin tattaunawa ta sirri da masu sauraro."
Lin ya yi fice wajen ƙirƙirar tattaunawa tun lokacin da ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1981, yana karatun gine-gine a Jami'ar Yale. alley da ke Washington, DC.
Da farko, hangen nesa mai ban sha'awa na Lin game da abin tunawa ya fuskanci suka mai zafi daga ƙungiyoyin tsoffin sojoji da sauransu, ciki har da 'yan Majalisar Dokoki waɗanda suka fi karkata ga salon gargajiya. Amma ɗalibar gine-gine ta ci gaba da nuna rashin amincewa da manufofinta na ƙira.
Robert Doubek, darektan shirye-shirye a wurin tunawa da tsoffin sojoji na Vietnam, ya ce yana yaba da kwarin gwiwar Lin kuma yana tuna yadda matashin ɗalibi mai "ban mamaki" ya tsaya tsayin daka a tattaunawar ƙungiyoyi tare da kare mutuncin ƙirarsa. A yau, ana bikin tunawa da siffar V sosai, tare da baƙi sama da miliyan 5 a kowace shekara, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin aikin hajji kuma suna barin ƙananan wasiƙu, lambobin yabo, da hotuna don tunawa da iyalansu da abokansu da suka ɓace.
Tun farkon aikinta na jama'a, mawakiyar da ta fara aiki ta ci gaba da ba wa magoya baya, abokan aikinta, har ma da shugabannin duniya mamaki da abubuwan al'ajabinta.
A shekarar 2016, Shugaba Barack Obama ya ba Lyn lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci saboda kyakkyawan aikinta na fasaha da gine-gine a fannonin kare hakkin dan adam, 'yancin jama'a, da kuma kare muhalli.
Lining, wacce ta fi son ɓoye yawancin rayuwarta ta ciki kuma ta guji kafofin watsa labarai, gami da Mujallar Smithsonian, yanzu ita ce batun wani baje kolin tarihin rayuwa da aka keɓe ga mai zane da mai sassaka. "Rayuwa Ɗaya: Maya Lin" a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Smithsonian Institution yana jagorantar ku cikin aikin Lin mai tasowa, wanda ke nuna hotuna da abubuwan tunawa da yawa na iyali tun lokacin yarinta, da kuma tarin samfuran 3D, littattafan zane-zane, zane-zane, sassaka, da hotuna waɗanda ke nuna ta. rayuwa. Hanyar mai zane tana bayan wasu zane-zane masu ban mamaki.
Dorothy Moss, mai shirya baje kolin, ta ce ta fara haduwa da Lin ne lokacin da gidan kayan tarihi ya fara ba da hotunan mai zane don girmama gudunmawarta ga tarihin Amurka, al'adu, fasaha da gine-gine. An kuma nuna ƙananan sassaka na 3D da mai zane Karin Sander ta ƙirƙira a shekarar 2014 - hotunan launi na Lin, wanda ya yi kwafi na 2D da 3D marasa na gargajiya, yana ɗaukar miliyoyin hotunan kewaye da mai zane - a wurin.
Jin cewa Lin tana kan gaba ya bayyana a cikin hoton Sander. Lin ta ce wannan ra'ayin rayuwa a cikin akasin haka ya bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucenta da yawa.
"Wataƙila saboda gadon da na bari a Gabas da Yamma, na yin abubuwa a kan iyaka; wannan kimiyya ce? Shin fasaha ce? Shin Gabas ce? Shin Yamma ce? Shin tauri ce ko ruwa?" Lin Zai ta faɗa a wata hira da ta yi da gidan tarihi.
Moss ta ce ta fara sha'awar labarin Lin bayan ta ji labarin gadon dangin mai zane da kuma yadda ta girma a cikin dangin China guda ɗaya tilo a unguwar. "Kun sani, na fara tunanin cewa a matsayina na 'yar baƙi biyu 'yan China waɗanda suka girma a karkarar Ohio, zai yi kyau in ba da labarinta sannan in ci gaba da wannan kyakkyawan aikin. Haka na haɗu da ita," in ji Moh.
"Mu iyali ne da ke da alaƙa da juna kuma su ma kamar iyali ne na baƙi kuma suna barin abubuwa da yawa a baya. China? "Ba su taɓa kawo hakan ba," in ji Lin, amma ta ji wani "ra'ayi" daban a cikin iyayenta.
Wani ɓangare na wani shiri na shekarar 2006 kan rayuwar shahararrun mutane, ciki har da Dolores Huerta, Babe Ruth, Marian Anderson, da Sylvia Plath, baje kolin One Life shine baje kolin farko da aka yi a gidan kayan tarihi wanda aka keɓe ga 'yan asalin Asiya.
"Hanya da muka tsara bikin baje kolin Lifetime ta kasance kusan ta tarihi, don haka za ku iya duba yarinta, tasirin farko, da gudummawar da aka bayar a tsawon lokaci," in ji Moss.
An haifi Lin a shekarar 1959 ga Henry Huang Lin da Julia Chang Lin. Mahaifinta ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarun 1940 kuma ya zama ƙwararren mai yin tukwane bayan ya yi karatun tukwane a Jami'ar Washington inda ya haɗu da matarsa Julia. A shekarar da aka haifi Lin, sun ƙaura zuwa Athens. Henry ya koyar da tukwane a Jami'ar Ohio kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama shugaban Makarantar Fasaha ta Fine Arts. Nunin ya nuna wani aiki da ba a yi masa suna ba daga mahaifinta.
Lin ta shaida wa gidan tarihi cewa fasahar mahaifinta babban tasiri ne a gare ta. "Kowace kwano da muke ci shi ne ya yi ta: yumbu mai alaƙa da yanayi, launuka na halitta da kayan aiki. Saboda haka, ina tsammanin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun cike take da wannan tsabta, zamani, amma a lokaci guda kuma tana da kyau mai ɗumi, wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni. Babban tasiri."
Tasirin farko daga fasahar zamani mai sauƙi galibi ana haɗa shi cikin waƙoƙi da abubuwan Lin. Daga samfurinta mai haske na tunawa da haƙƙin jama'a na Alabama na 1987 wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar hasken rana zuwa zane-zane don manyan ayyukan gine-gine da na jama'a, kamar gyaran ginin tarihi na Smith College Library na 1903 a Northampton, Massachusetts, baƙi zuwa baje kolin za su iya dandana zurfin bayyanar Lin ta dabarun gida.
Lin ta tuna da kayan aikin ƙarfafa gwiwa da ta samu daga tasirin iyayenta, daga mahaifinta, wani babban mai imani, da kuma daga mahaifiyarta, wacce ta ƙarfafa ta ta bi sha'awarta. A cewarta, wannan kyauta ce da ba kasafai ake samu ba ga matasa mata.
"Musamman ma, mahaifiyata ta ba ni wannan ƙarfin domin aiki yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ta. Marubuciya ce. Tana son koyarwa kuma na ji kamar ya ba ni wannan ƙarfin tun daga ranar farko," in ji Lin.
Kamar mijinta, Julia Chan Lin, mai zane ce kuma malamar makaranta. Don haka lokacin da Lin ta sami damar sabunta ɗakin karatun makarantar mahaifiyarta, ta ji cewa ƙirar gine-ginen tana kusa da gida.
"Ba kasafai kake samun damar kai shi gida ba," in ji Lin bayan sake buɗe ɗakin karatu na Smith Nelson a shekarar 2021.
Hotunan da ke cikin baje kolin sun nuna ginin ɗakin karatu mai matakai da yawa, wanda aka yi shi da cakuda dutse, gilashi, ƙarfe da itace na gida, wanda ya ƙara wa tarihin ginin harabar jami'ar kyau.
Baya ga samun kwarin gwiwa daga tarihin kirkirar iyalinta tun daga kan goggon ta, shahararriyar mawakiyar duniya Lin Huiyin, Maya Lin ta kuma yaba mata da lokacin da take wasa a waje yayin da take bincike a yankin kudu maso gabashin Ohio.
Farin cikin da ta samu a cikin tsaunuka, koguna, dazuzzuka, da tsaunuka a bayan gidanta da ke Ohio ya cika dukkan yarintarta.
"Dangane da fasaha, zan iya shiga cikin kaina in yi duk abin da nake so kuma in sami 'yanci gaba ɗaya. Yana komawa ga asalina a Athens, Ohio, tushena a cikin yanayi da kuma yadda nake jin alaƙa da muhallina. don in sami wahayi daga duniyar halitta da kuma nuna wannan kyawun ga sauran mutane," in ji Lin a cikin wata hira ta bidiyo.
Da yawa daga cikin samfuranta da zane-zanenta suna nuna abubuwan da suka haɗa da yanayi, namun daji, yanayi da fasaha, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu an nuna su a baje kolin.
Sassaka mai kyau na ƙaramin barewa na azurfa da Lin ta ƙera a shekarar 1976 ya cika hoton Groundswell na Lyn a shekarar 1993, wanda aka ƙirƙira a Ohio, inda ta zaɓi tan 45 na gilashin aminci da aka sake yin amfani da shi saboda launinsa. Ƙirƙirar wani fili a New Zealand da hotunan fassarar Linh game da Kogin Hudson ta amfani da ƙarfe. Kowanne misali ne mai kyau na aikin da Lin ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don ƙirƙirarwa wanda ya dace da muhalli.
Lin ta ce ta fara sha'awar kare muhalli tun tana ƙarama, shi ya sa ta ɗauki alƙawarin gina wani abin tunawa ga Uwar Halitta.
Yanzu wannan alƙawarin yana bunƙasa a cikin abin da Moss ya kira sabon abin tunawa da muhalli na Ringling: wani shiri mai tushen kimiyya mai suna "Me Yake Bacewa?"
Wannan aikin watsa labarai na sauyin yanayi mai shafuka da yawa wani ɓangare ne na hulɗar baje kolin inda baƙi za su iya yin rikodin tunawa da wurare na musamman da suka ɓace sakamakon lalacewar muhalli sannan su sanya su a kan katunan vinyl.
"Tana da sha'awar tattara bayanai sosai, amma kuma ta ba da bayanai kan abin da za mu iya yi don canza salon rayuwarmu da kuma dakatar da lalacewar muhalli," in ji Moss. "Kamar tunawa da tsoffin sojoji na Vietnam da kuma tunawa da 'yancin jama'a, ta yi alaƙa ta sirri ta hanyar tausayawa, kuma ta yi mana wannan katin tunatarwa don mu tuna."
A cewar Frida Lee Mok, darektan shirin fim mai suna Maya Lin: Powerful Clear Vision, wanda ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 1994, zane-zanen Lin suna da kyau kuma masu ban sha'awa, kuma kowanne daga cikin ayyukan Lin yana nuna tsananin kulawa ga mahallin da kuma yanayin halitta.
"Tana da ban mamaki kawai kuma idan ka yi tunanin abin da take yi, tana yin sa a hankali kuma ta hanyarta," in ji Mock. "Ba ta neman kulawa ba, amma a lokaci guda, mutane suna zuwa wurinta domin sun san cewa za ta yi amfani da damar da baiwar, baiwar da take da ita, kuma daga abin da na gani, duk mun gani. , zai zama abin mamaki. .
Daga cikin waɗanda suka zo ganinta akwai tsohon Shugaba Barack Obama, wanda ya ba Lean umarnin a farkon wannan shekarar da ya sassaka wani wurin zane, Seeing Through the Universe, don lambunan ɗakin karatu da gidan adana kayan tarihinsa na Chicago. An sadaukar da aikin ga mahaifiyarsa, Ann Dunham. Gina Lean, wani marmaro a tsakiyar Lambun Natsuwa, "zai kama [mahaifiyata] kamar komai," in ji Obama, wani halitta ta ɗan adam, mai hankali, kuma ta halitta daga sanannen mai zane.
Rayuwa: Dajin Maya zai buɗe ga jama'a a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2023.
Briana A. Thomas ƙwararriyar marubuciya ce a birnin Washington, DC, kuma 'yar jarida, kuma jagorar yawon buɗe ido ce, wacce ta ƙware a nazarin Afirka-Amurkawa. Ita ce marubucin littafin Black Broadway, wani littafin tarihin baƙar fata a Washington, DC.
© Mujallar Smithsonian ta 2022 Bayanin Sirri Dokar Kukis Sharuɗɗan Amfani Sanarwar Talla Sarrafa Saitunan Kukis na Bayanai na
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-28-2022
